I need explanations for the usages of some common affixes please, and some grammar questions too.
I need some explanations about these affixes below and their usages. It would also help if you would provide me with examples of them too, thanks!
gi-
naka-/pinaka-
gina-/pina-
ipa-
-an/-on
-a
-i
-hon/-han
-in- (with examples of this aside from"binisaya and sinugbuanon" please)
-um- (and examples of this please)
pafka-/magka-/nagka-
pagpa-/magpa-/nagpa-
paki-
pagma-
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My other questions are:
The inperative forms in Cebuano. When my mom speaks to me in Cebuano and asks me to do something (i.e. a verb in the command form), I hear her use a verb and add "-i" or "-a" at the end of a verb such as "hiwa-i mo ni" or "dugay-a mo kana." So, what's the difference? Is it because there is an action that is commanded near the speaker and away as in corresponding with "kini" and "kana?"
Finally, Spanish loan words. My family uses SO much Spanish loan words and none of them has had Spanish as a spoken language. I am a Spanish speaker, so I also use Spanish loan words in Cebuano frequently, especially the words from the Spanish-loan word chart like "estar" and "personalidad". But my grandmother uses much more and says expressions such as, "por eso (lagi)!" instead of "mao lagi." I began to copy her expressions nowadays too. How common are Spanish loan words used in Cebuano and among Cebuano speakers? I use them almost all the time from nouns ending in "-dad" to "-ismo" to "-hiya/-syon/-siyon/-siya" and words from "dinero" to "kuyba." Will many Cebuano speakers understand these Spanish words? Among and within my family, they understand it.
Relating to your other questions....
You are quite right about "kini" and "kana"...there is a difference. It tells you the relative distance between the speaker and the object. Specifically, "kini" means 'this', and "kana" means 'that'.
The adding of "i", "a", "o" to words are gender identifiers as used in Spanish. Similarly, adding "i" is used to represent "it", "a" to represent "she/female", "o" to represent "he/male".
Yes, most Cebuanos will use and understand the Spanish loan words. We have a lot of Spanish influence more than we can imagine in our language. Definitely, a lot of words are used in the same terms, even if they are spelled differently, i.e., How are you? = Komusta = Como esta? I believe, Spanish is taught in PI as an elective for foreign languages.
Just my opinion....